The original source states that most PSHB treatment methods are ineffective and advises consulting qualified arborists and relevant authorities before taking action.
The original page states that most treatment methods are ineffective and warns that soil drench, surfactants and canopy spray methods may affect surrounding natural systems and create exposure risks.
Tree injection
The source describes tree injection as a direct treatment method that requires specialized equipment and notes that chemicals may adversely affect tree health. It advises caution with other chemicals.
Biological controls
The source describes a “Biologic Army” as a combination of parasitic fungi and predatory bacteria that affects protection of insect digestive systems.
Pest control
The old material describes an organic treatment approach but states that its effectiveness against PSHB has not been confirmed and that it should not be used as the only control method.
Removal and handling infested material
The original page recommends competent service providers for removal and discusses chipping, burning and solarisation. It includes a claim about chipping below 20 mm, and recommends covering material and leaving it in the sun for 6–8 weeks. These details are preserved from the source, not endorsed as current instructions.
Trapping
The source advises restricting traps to areas already affected and describes use for high-value isolated trees or confirming a new infestation. It notes that evidence in the South African context was not available when the text was written.
Frequently asked questions
Are PSHB treatment methods effective?
The original page states that most treatment methods are ineffective and warns that soil drench, surfactant and canopy spray methods may affect surrounding natural systems.
Who should handle removal of infested material?
The source recommends competent service providers for removal.
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